Livestock Planner
The answer
Formula
Winter feed 6 per cow and 3 per sheep, calf or lamb, for the whole season; oats convert 1→2. Milk 9/year at baseline meadow, ~13.5 around 50%. Butchery 6 beef per cow, 3 per calf, 3 mutton per sheep. Breeding ~37% per animal per year. No figure here is per month — each carries the period its source states.
Livestock is the closest thing Manor Lords has to compounding interest. Buy in once, breed up, and the herd pays in milk, wool, meat and resale more or less forever. The catch is winter. A herd you cannot feed is a herd that dies, and the oats have to be in the ground months before you notice.
Winter feed is the number that matters
Pasture animals eat animal feed through every winter month. Not some of them. Cows, calves, sheep and lambs all eat, and an animal that runs out dies.
Budget 6 feed for a full-grown cow and 3 for a calf, lamb or sheep, across the whole season. Feed comes from oats at the livestock farm at 1 oat to 2 feed, so a cow costs you 3 oats a winter and a sheep 1.5. The calculator does that arithmetic, but the deadline is the real point: oats are a field crop, so the herd you plan in spring is the oat field you plant in spring.
One trap worth knowing. Cap animal feed production. Left unlimited the livestock farm converts your entire oat stockpile, and oats are also human food.
Milk scales with meadow
Cow milk is not a flat figure. It runs about 9 per year at baseline and climbs to roughly 13.5 around 50% meadow, so the same cow is worth half again as much on good grass. Enter your region's meadow percentage and the tool scales it.
Milk matters more than it looks because of cheese. A cheesemonger turns milk and salt into a food type that never depletes, which is the cheapest answer to the variety gate on plot upgrades.
Butcher lambs, never adults
A lamb gives the same meat and hides as an adult. Only adults shear and breed. Butchering grown stock trades a producer for one meal.
Current yields are 6 beef per cow, 3 per calf, and 3 mutton per sheep, all raised in the 0.8.100 patch. A herd you already own now feeds noticeably more families than it did.
Breeding is a dice roll, and it is seasonal
Expect roughly a one-in-three chance of offspring per animal per year. Every animal gets a small pregnancy check every ten days during its breeding season, compounding to about 37%.
The seasons are fixed. Cows breed in summer, sheep in autumn, and offspring arrive in spring. Sheep shear once a year, in summer only, so wool contracts have to be planned around one delivery rather than a steady trickle.
Costs and ceilings
Sheep import at about 30 gold and cows at about 60. Sheep sell at 20 and the price stays there, which makes a flock one of the steadiest exports in the game. Cows are the opposite: reselling an adult loses money against its import price, so the return on a cow is milk and calves, not flipping.
A region caps somewhere around 160 to 180 sheep. Import roughly ten by year two and breeding carries you to the ceiling by year six without further spending.
Build the pasture before you order. The livestock trading post no longer holds bought animals as a buffer. Stock that arrives with nowhere to go leaves again, and the gold goes with it.
Why nothing here is a monthly figure
Every number above carries the period its source states. Feed is per winter. Milk and breeding are per year. Butchery is per animal.
That is deliberate. The game's resource flowchart gives conversion ratios, and a ratio has no clock in it. One oat becoming two feed says nothing about how long the livestock farm takes to do it. Turning a ratio into a per-month rate is an assumption, not a reading, and assumptions of exactly that shape are what put a wrong number on this site once before. Where we do not know the tempo, we do not print one.
